日本版NSC(国家安全保障会議)法案について公明新聞のからおさらいしておきたいと思います。
日本を取り巻く世界環境をどう捉えるのかが大事であり、グローバルな視点から機動的に日本を守る=日本国民を守ることが重要です。そのために必要なことをやりきっていかなければなりません。
そこで背景と意義を確認します。
公明新聞:2013年10月24日(木)付、国家安全保障会議を創設へ
わが国の外交・安全保障政策の司令塔機能を強化する日本版NSC(国家安全保障会議)の創設に向け、政府は関連法案の今国会成立をめざしている。日本版NSCの創設が求められる背景と、法案のポイントを解説する。
なぜ必要か。現行の安保会議は縦割りや形式的な運用が目立つ。
日本版NSC法案のポイント防衛大綱をはじめ、わが国の外交・安全保障政策は現在、政府の安全保障会議で審議、決定されている。2001年に発生した9.11米国同時多発テロ以降、世界の安全保障環境は目まぐるしく変化し、現在の安保会議では十分に対応できないケースが目立ってきている。
日本人を含む多くの犠牲者を出した今年1月のアルジェリア人質事件では、現地からの情報を得ることが難しく、数多くの断片的な情報が錯綜した。対応に当たった菅官房長官は自身のブログで「情報が集約されずに、個別に官邸に報告され、各省庁の連携も不十分といった実態を目のあたりにした」と、省庁縦割りの弊害を指摘している。国内外の情報の集約・分析能力を高める体制を構築しなければならない。
また、現在の安保会議は議長である首相の諮問に基づいて、防衛大綱など国防に関する重要事項を審議することが大きな役割になっている。審議のテーマが限られており、わが国の外交・安保戦略を実質的に議論するには限界がある。構成メンバーも9大臣と多いため、機動的な開催が難しく、「形式的決定の会合になっている」(内閣官房)のが実情だ。
現在の安保会議には事務を受け持つ専任のスタッフ組織がなく、サポート体制も不十分だ。現在は内閣官房副長官補と、そのスタッフが他の事務を行いながら、安保会議の事務を担っている。
予測が困難なテロなどの発生に備えるには、平時から情報収集に努め、緊急事態への対応方針などを日常的に議論する体制整備が欠かせない。安保会議の抜本的な機能強化を急がなければならない。
法案の内容は、4大臣会合を司令塔に情報収集、意思決定など迅速化
現在の安全保障会議と日本版NSCのイメージ日本版NSC法案では、現在の安保会議を改組して「国家安全保障会議」を設置する。審議形態は4大臣会合、9大臣会合、緊急事態大臣会合の三つがある【イメージ図参照】。
中核となるのは、首相、官房長官、外相、防衛相で構成される4大臣会合だ。平素から機動的・定例的に会議を開き、国家安全保障に関する外交・防衛政策について実質的に審議するほか、中長期的な戦略などの基本方針を定める。わが国の外交・安保政策の司令塔機能を果たす。
会合は2週間に1回程度の頻度で開いていく方針。各府省庁に局長級の連絡官を置いて資料や情報を定期的に提出させ、情報収集を強化。緊急事態に備え、政治の意思決定を迅速にできる環境を整える。
9大臣会合は現在の安保会議をそのまま引き継ぐ。審議事項や構成メンバーも変わらない。
首相と官房長官のほか、首相があらかじめ指定した閣僚が出席する緊急事態大臣会合は、緊急事態への対処強化が目的だ。例えば、領海侵入や不法上陸の事案が発生した場合は、法相、外相、国土交通相、防衛相、国家公安委員長が加わり、事態の対応を審議する。
日本版NSCの議長である首相は、必要に応じて他の閣僚を会議に呼ぶことができる。三つの審議形態は別々の会議があるわけではなく、4大臣会合が柔軟に変化するイメージだ。
日本版NSCを補佐する体制も強化する。
首相のアドバイザーとして国家安全保障担当の首相補佐官を常設する。同補佐官は4大臣会合に常時出席し、助言ができる。
さらに、事務局となる国家安全保障局を内閣官房に新設する。数十人の規模で発足し、府省庁間の調整や政策の企画・立案、4大臣会合に提出された情報の整理や分析などを行う。国家安全保障局長は内閣危機管理監と同格で、外政担当と安全保障・危機管理担当の内閣官房副長官補を局次長に配置。重層的なサポート体制が整備される。
最大の課題は情報管理の在り方だ。審議の仕組みを整えても、機密情報などの質の高い情報が入ってこなければ、十分な機能を発揮できない。情報漏洩を防ぐ対策が不可欠だ。
政府は、機密情報を漏らした国家公務員らへの罰則を強化する特定秘密保護法案を近く国会提出する方針だ。当初の政府案では国民の「知る権利」や「報道の自由」が制限される懸念があったが、公明党の強い要請で修正された。政府・与党は日本版NSCと特定秘密保護の両法案の早期成立をめざす。
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