4月14日国土交通省の審議会は、「最後の警告」という指令の強い言葉で、橋やトンネルの
老朽化による事故を防ぐための提言をまとめました。
ここでは、国や地方自治体に、点検や対策を行った結果の公表と、点検の質を確保する技術者の資格制度を導入すること、維持管理実効性確保の仕組の構築を求めています。
公明党は、インフラの再構築を「メインテナンス元年」や「減災・防災ニューディール」とて主張して参りました。その考えにも通じる提言でありこの警句をしっかり捉えたいと考えます。
以下は、提言書の前文です。審議会の提言とは言え随分強い口調であることが分ります。
最後の警告-今すぐ本格的なメンテナンスに舵を切れ 静かに危機は進行している
高度成長期に一斉に建設された道路ストックが高齢化し、一斉に修繕や作り直しが発生する問題について、平成 14年以降、当審議会は「今後適切な投資を行い修繕を行わなければ、近い将来大きな負担が生じる」と繰り返し警告してきた。
しかし、デフレが進行する社会情勢や財政事情を反映して、その後の社会の動きはこの警告に逆行するものとなっている。即ち、平成 17 年の道路関係四公団民営化に際しては高速道路の管理費が約 30%削減され、平成 21年の事業仕分けでは直轄国道の維持管理費を 10~20%削減することが結論とされた。そして、社会全体がインフラのメンテナンスに関心を示さないまま、時間が過ぎていった。国民も、管理責任のある地方自治体の長も、まだ橋はずっとこのままであると思っているのだろうか。
この間にも、静かに危機は進行している。道路構造物の老朽化は進行を続け、日本の橋梁の 70%を占める市町村が管理する橋梁では、通行止めや車両重量等の通行規制が約 2,000 箇所に及び、その箇所数はこの 5 年間で2倍と増加し続けている。地方自治体の技術者の削減とあいまって点検すらままならないところも増えている。
今や、危機のレベルは高進し、危険水域に達している。ある日突然、橋が落ち、犠牲者が発生し、経済社会が大きな打撃を受ける…、そのような事態はいつ起こっても不思議ではないのである。我々は再度、より厳しい言い方で申し上げたい。「今すぐ本格的なメンテナンスに舵を切らなければ、近い将来、橋梁の崩落など人命や社会システムに関わる致命的な事態を招くであろう」と。
すでに警鐘は鳴らされている
平成 24 年 12 月、中央自動車道笹子トンネル上り線で天井板落下事故が発生、9 人の尊い命が犠牲となり、長期にわたって通行止めとなった。老朽化時代が本格的に到来したことを告げる出来事である。この事故が発した警鐘に耳を傾けなければならない。また昨今、道路以外の分野において、予算だけでなく、メンテナンスの組織・体制・技術力・企業風土など根源的な部分の変革が求められる事象が出現している。これらのことを明日の自らの地域に起こりうる危機として捉える英知が必要である。
2005 年 8 月、米国ニューオーリンズを巨大ハリケーン「カトリーナ」が襲い、甚大な被害の様子が世界に報道された。実はこの災害は早くから想定されていた。ニューオーリンズの巨大ハリケーンによる危険性は、何年も前から専門家によって政府に警告され、前年にも連邦緊急事態管理庁(FEMA)の災害研究で、その危険性は明確に指摘されていたのである。にもかかわらず投資は実行されず、死者 1330 人、被災世帯 250 万という巨大な被害を出している。「来るかもしれないし、すぐには来ないかもしれない」という不確実な状況の中で、現在の資源を将来の安全に投資する決断ができなかったこの例を反面教師としなければならない。
橋やトンネルも「壊れるかもしれないし、すぐには壊れないかもしれない」という感覚があるのではないだろうか。地方公共団体の長や行政も「まさか自分の任期中は…」という感覚はないだろうか。しかし、私たちは東日本大震災で経験したではないか。千年に一度だろうが、可能性のあることは必ず起こると。笹子トンネル事故で、すでに警鐘は鳴らされているのだ。
行動を起こす最後の機会は今
道路先進国の米国にはもう一つ学ぶべき教訓がある。1920 年代から幹線道路網を整備した米国は、1980 年代に入ると各地で橋や道路が壊れ使用不能になる「荒廃するアメリカ」といわれる事態に直面した。インフラ予算を削減し続けた結果である。連邦政府はその後急ピッチで予算を増やし改善に努めている。それらの改善された社会インフラは、その後の米国の発展を支え続けている。
笹子トンネル事故は、今が国土を維持し、国民の生活基盤を守るために行動を起こす最後の機会であると警鐘を鳴らしている。削減が続く予算と技術者の減少が限界点を超えたのちに、一斉に危機が表面化すればもはや対応は不可能となる。日本社会が置かれている状況は、1980 年代の米国同様、危機が危険に、危険が崩壊に発展しかねないレベルまで達している。「笹子の警鐘」を確かな教訓とし、「荒廃するニッポン」が始まる前に、一刻も早く本格的なメンテナンス体制を構築しなければならない。
そのために国は、「道路管理者に対して厳しく点検を義務化」し、「産学官の予算・人材・技術のリソースをすべて投入する総力戦の体制を構築」し、「政治、報道機関、世論の理解と支持を得る努力」を実行するよう提言する。
いつの時代も軌道修正は簡単ではない。しかし、科学的知見に基づくこの提言の真意が、この国をリードする政治、マスコミ、経済界に届かず「危機感を共有」できなければ、国民の利益は確実に失われる。その責はすべての関係者が負わなければならない。
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