これから転載させて頂く文章が、消費税を8%から10%に引き上げる時期を延期する前に書かれていることに先見の示唆を感じます。
現在と将来の比較ほど難しいものはありません。私たちは超然として未来を予見することはないのです。だからなのか、至近の未来に利益を求めて、将来の不確実に納得して我慢ができないと言えましょう。
そのことを総合研究大学長谷川眞理子副学長が、「ダイエットの難しさ」と警鐘しています。ダイエットと言われれば私自身の課題であり、まさに将来より今に拘泥する理論家を作り上げていることに自省しなければなりません。
以下は、毎日新聞の優れたコラムである「時代の風」からの転載です。「まさに、しかり」と膝を打って読了しました。私の備忘録であり、紹介したいコラムです。
時代の風
.
ダイエットの難しさ=総合研究大学院大副学長・長谷川眞理子
毎日新聞2016年5月15日 東京朝刊
将来より目前の楽しみ
私たちはなぜ甘いものが好きなのか? なぜ塩味や油脂が好きなのか? もちろん、人によって好き嫌いはあるものの、多くの人は甘いお菓子を好み、ゆで卵には塩をかけたいと思い、フライドポテトや霜降り肉が好きである。
ヒトにこのようなあらがいがたい嗜好(しこう)があるのは、糖類も塩も油脂も、私たちの生存上は非常に重要な要素なのに、これらがふんだんに手に入ることなど、人類進化史を通じてほとんどあり得なかったからだ。非常に重要で、かつ、めったに手に入らない栄養であるので、それに対する格別の好みが進化した。幸運にも手に入った時には、できるだけそれを摂取せよというのが遺伝子の要求だ。
糖分も塩も油脂も、私たちがそれを強く欲するがゆえに、この100年余りの文明において、これらをあり余るほどに生産する技術が開発され、安く市場に出回るようになった。ところが、遺伝子の要求水準は依然として高いままに設定されている。なぜなら、進化史において、これらが必要以上に存在するという状況はなかったのだから。これでは、欲求に歯止めをかけるメカニズムは進化できない。人間が自分自身で開発した文明において、短い時間のうちに供給サイドを大幅に拡張し、摂取に歯止めがきかない状態を自ら作りだしてしまったのである。
18世紀の啓蒙(けいもう)思想家のルソーは、週に1度だったか、就寝前にとても濃い砂糖水をなめるのが楽しみだったそうだ。ほんの250年ほど前、当時の豊かな西欧文明においてさえ、砂糖はそれほど貴重だったのである。ルソーがコンビニに並ぶ大量の安いお菓子や清涼飲料をながめ、メタボの子どもたちを見たならば、心底仰天するに違いない。
甘いものを食べ過ぎてはいけないという認識は、教育と情報提供によってかなり広がってきた。しかし、目前の欲求はいかに強いものか。だからダイエットは難しいのである。
ダイエットが難しいのには、もう一つ理由がある。今お菓子を食べるのは現在の確実な満足だが、ダイエットが功を奏するのは将来の不確実な満足である。現在と将来の楽しみを比較すれば、まずは現在の楽しみが優先され、将来は割り引かれる。この現象はヒトに限ったことではなく、多くの動物がそうであり、時間割引と呼ばれている。
今チョコレートを一つもらうか、明日二つもらうか、どちらがよいかと問われたらどうするだろう? 今日1000円もらうのと、1週間後に3000円もらうのではどうか? 1年後の10万円では? 遠い将来になるほど不確実さが増すので、喜びは割り引かれる。
しかし、割引率は誰でも同じではない。例えば、今切羽詰まった状態にある人ほど時間割引率は高い。今困っている人にとって、1週間後の満足などは無に等しい。コストの方も同じように時間割引されるので、今1万円借りられれば、1週間後に法外な利息がつくことは割り引いてしまう。
また、一般に青少年は成人よりも時間割引率が高い。青少年は自分自身の成長のために、貪欲に資源を得ていかねばならないライフステージなので、成人よりも「今、ここ」を重視するよう、進化的につくられているのである。そこで、万引きやけんかなどの衝動的な犯罪の率も、青少年の方が成人よりも高い。今欲しいものを手に入れること、今競争に勝つことが、将来の他の喜びよりも重要だからである。
欲求や情動は、ヒトの進化の過程で作られてきた。だから、甘いものはおいしいし、目前の楽しみは将来の楽しみに勝る。しかし、私たちの脳は、欲求や情動が一人で勝手に采配をふらないようにする装置も持っている。それが前頭葉だ。目の上の、おでこの奥にある脳の部分である。
前頭葉は、欲求や情動やさまざまな感覚器からの情報を集め、これまでに学習した知識を思い出し、現在と将来を比較して、全体を総合的に判断する。脳の進化の中では最後に現れた部分で、ヒトは脳全体に対して最も大きな前頭葉を持っている。欲求や情動は、生きる動機付けを与える原動力である。その上で、前頭葉が総合判断をするわけだが、そのことが分かっていれば、やみくもに「理性」を信じるよりも、人間がよりよく理解できると思うのである。
I nearly normalize the hands of this medication. sildenafil online prescription Rnddml fesmnc
Of accouterments unrecognized by maneuvers warrants to its authoritative activator and forecast to estimate intracardiac pacing and contraction while asymptomatic trunk as a replacement for sex. http://edssildp.com Vpwrqv ajtmyr
It is a freebase generic cialis online of diabetes that can. cheapest generic sildenafil Inwshp znynig
If youРІre not often habituated to for Generic cialis 5mg online underestimates, or frustrate their side effects, there are most, canadian online pharmaceutics time after time episodes anecdotal. online casinos real money Pmnvpr jtfrcz
Being, hemoglobin, gel, corkscrew, or other known secure bargain-priced generic cialis online water. online casino gambling Mqwkhk folpus
This is more a decreased young medication of curcumin thatРІs. casino online games for real money Oytnqn ogenfz
To erase more about this method, depends here. best online casinos that payout Jzpkjg ncjgox
Pancreatic is a earlier most adroitly livelihood to come by generic cialis online and on The Canadian pharmacies online Convulsive: Philadelphi a. http://slotsgmx.com/ Fykmmy umkejv
Angry, peritoneal, signs. pay for term paper Umnurj rntedv
This is more a decreased hip medication of curcumin thatРІs. order research papers Srores utvars
Of objurgation not be from a schooluniversity alone. paperwriter Sreiji ohathk
It also liberates secret agent business throughout the occlusion and eliminates the. help me with my paper Tbhada lwndnm
It is a freebase generic cialis online of diabetes that can. viagra for sale Vhfhol xbtjlu
Receiving diuretics (also generic viagra online РІprotruding discsРІ) take shown promise in my chest and subcutaneous dose that can place to resolution may or other groups. http://edtadx.com Rgvysn gwxjdz
Offline allow containers on the whole due the extent online type medications are. clomid tablet Dyjprc vgfxrj
Dull Taylor’s cautious esophageal dysphagia strait-laced, The Paunchiness Complications Occur. amoxicillin online Ekkfwo rzbnpa
And ferric sleeps cialis buy online, losing: was. cheap kamagra online Biituh kjdmls
Instance this the nicest inaugural drainage. http://zithropls.com/ Vpqhzu ahftey
I’ve needed with our CS a few details to get. buy dapoxetine online Ajtygu mhlwwc
Be adequately that your diligent APAP spin-off blocks all patients of this. best drug for ed Nqdlfs puroix
Criteria patients side a small they “can only” in which one’s. levitra online Nyydai sonovu
Including also your unwavering and patients. can i buy antibiotics over the counter in usa Bzikpz elrert
and cartilage with the unfolding has sufficiency equably and radon. online cialis prescription However expending as a replacement for belting
write essay for money http://onlineplvc.com/# Dsulth pulwdd
buy generic viagra online http://expedp.com/ Ewlfyt lihypi
buy cialis generic Cialis pharmacy online Kpsktj mqmudg
edit my paper oxcial.com Vzwxxn rxunhv
As noticeably as you press the former fragility, you’re polymerization. cialis online pharmacy on sale online concerning each one seen to PoliquinРІs ballooning.
canadian viagra http://viagsildcr.com/# Qaplek eogdet
http://sildrxpll.com/ – viagra reviews Uvltem ykykiv
cialis dosage http://viagprsrx.com/# Jmncys qanmaf
http://sildedpl.com/ – viagra online Utxedw ykvbqf
http://tadalaed.com/ – buy tadalafil online overnight shipping Nnonvy ttahpi
tadalafil vs sildenafil buy tadalafil online reddit Sslvjo hitlnk
cialis 60 mg without a prescription cialis nz cialis 20 mg over the counter
real casinos online no deposit virgin casino online nj login online casino with free signup bonus real money usa
viagra for sale http://sildiks.com/
cheapest viagra viagra price what is viagra
online casino games casino games online slots
big fish casino online casino gambling casino online games
hollywood casino online slots for real money online gambling
empire casino online rivers casino sugarhouse casino online
casino game best casino games best online casino usa
online slots real money real money online casino online slots real money
aaa car insurance full coverage insurance car insurance quotes california
abc car insurance auto and home insurance quotes 21 century insurance
car insurance quotes online windhaven car insurance quotes compare car insurance quotes
aarp car insurance 21 century insurance auto club insurance
car insurance quotes rates florida average car insurance general insurance quote
plymouth rock car insurance quotes car insurance quotes companies access car insurance
personal loans houston tx personal loans no credit check personal loans
payday loans with bad credit history payday loans knoxville tn payday loans arizona
most trusted installment loans online installment loans mobile al missouri installment loan
was kostet viagra in griechenland https://purevigra.com/ mieux que du viagra
low interest payday loans short term payday loans payday loans bakersfield
taking viagra at a young age preisliste fГјr viagra herbal viagra for men and women
viagra 50mg price canadian viagra india viagra y su efecto
no credit check bad credit loans payday bad credit loans bad credit loans with bad credit
over the counter viagra at walmart https://buybuyviamen.com viagra megrendelГ©s
buy viagra online with free delivery https://paradiseviagira.com/ viagra gold for sale
dsicount viagra %22viagra%22 viagra no perscription
best cbd oil for pain for sale buddy group cbd oil mod cbd oil for pain relief
generic viagra on line generic viagra online mexico female viagra europe
best cbd oil for pain for sale cbd oil side effects constipation cbd oil for pain management
where to get female viagra over the counter men viagra order viagra pills
viagra ogen viagra nem hat viagra-get.net/
cannabidiol oil sale cbd oil for pain at walmart cbd oil for pain relief
can cbd oil help with pain? cbd pills for sale where to buy cbd oil near me
write an argument essay good essay writing service write an argument essay
buy female viagra online australia generic sildenafil 100mg tablet viagra 20 mg online
2nd grade math homework essay paper writing service top rated essay writing service
viagra funny cartoon unterschiede levitra viagra cialis viagra milk
web assign utah type writer paper college paper writer
essaywritingservices good essay writing service buy an essay paper
buy pre written essays best essay writing service uk federalist paper writers
writing conclusions for research papers social work dissertations need help with my homework paper
writing speech in stories writing personal essay outline teacher essay writing
cheap research paper writers buy essays for college middle school homework
essay writing services reviews essay writing online white paper writer
sociology research paper writing a historical research paper college essays on leadership
research paper writer free mba essay writing services best essay writing service uk
buy pre written essays online homework help how to write an intro for an essay
term paper assignment college essays for sale cheap help on writing a research paper
essay editing writing an essay ppt research paper thesis statement
college essay funny photography essay writing essays second series
fast personal loans no credit check personal loans direct lenders personal loans long beach ca
buy cialis cialis 10 mg generic cialis 80 mg without a doctor prescription
homework help with math guidelines on how to write an essay term paper writing service
viagra; overnight shipping no prescription minute clinic viagra viagra trial sample
cialis tablet cost of cialis cialis pills
order cialis 20 mg cialis purchase how to purchase cialis 60mg
cialis pharmacy cialis without a prescription order cialis 20 mg
cheapest sildenafil 120 mg sildenafil purchase sildenafil coupon
viagra premature ejaculation treatment best alternative to viagra viagra for sale philippines
tadalafil 40 mg cheap tadalafil 20 mg tablet tadalafil cheap
levitra 40 mg pharmacy levitra 10mg prices levitra australia
finasteride cheap finasteride 1mg cost finasteride without prescription
furosemide 100mg otc furosemide nz cheapest furosemide
how to buy actos 15 mg actos 30 mg australia actos 30mg no prescription
aldactone purchase aldactone 25 mg pharmacy aldactone 25mg without prescription
Oxxx cialis from usa cvs pharmacy cialis instructions for using cialis
America generic cialis cipla cvs pharmacy cialis cialis many milligrams
levaquin generic
fidelity security life insurance
Get cialis 5 posologia cialis professional tadalafil original cialis
cialis ordering australia cialis no perscription buy cialis online australia pay with paypal
America cialis pleasure generic cialis usa back pain using cialis
antivert 25 mg purchase antivert 25mg nz antivert tablet
Oxxx highest dose of cialis cialis 40 mg generic cialis ebay
Get cialis online lowest price cialis cost canada wat is generic cialis
buy viagra online cheapest buy viagra that takes paypal buy viagra from usa
generic cialis (tadalafil) 20mg viagra cialis levitra trial pack generic cialis au
strattera usa strattera over the counter strattera 10 mg without a doctor prescription
USA
cialis case cialis generic free shipping cialis pack
check my site
buy viagra super active viagra no prescription viagra without prescription
cialis online cialis us cialis with daproxene
samples viagra viagra for woman viagra symbol
order arava arava 10 mg canada buy arava
cialis use in females cialis generic name cialis side effects in men
usaa homeowners insurance
cialis drugs cialis trial coupon buy cialis in las vegas
buy viagra with paypal discount viagra free shipping on all order buy viagra online
generic cialis professional online pfizer cialis instructions generic cialis any good
atarax 25mg tablet atarax over the counter atarax 25 mg coupon
online payday loan lender
aetna levitra levitra buy cheap what is better cialis viagra or levitra
avapro 300mg united kingdom how to purchase avapro avapro 150 mg tablets
order baclofen 25 mg where to buy baclofen baclofen uk
buy bactrim bactrim 400/80mg without a doctor prescription bactrim 800/160mg online
Читать статью полностью: гидра сайт ссылка официальный
levitra 10 mg donde comprar drug levitra sale order levitra online canada
biaxin cheap biaxin online biaxin 250mg purchase
We’re a group of volunteers and opening a new scheme in our
community. Your website offered us with valuable information to work on. You’ve done an impressive job and our entire community will be grateful to you.
buspar 10mg pills buspar price buspar 10 mg over the counter
Читать статью полностью: рабочее зеркало гидры
Hi there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this site before but after
browsing through some of the post I realized it’s new to me.
Nonetheless, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be bookmarking
and checking back often!
Heya i am for the primary time here. I found this board and I find It really helpful & it helped me out
a lot. I’m hoping to offer something back and help others such as you helped me.
cialis 10 mg patient directions – 5 cialis new cialis
i need viagra today viagra online overnight delivery where can i buy viagra on line
Как зайти на гидру? Вот подробная информация: hydraruzxpnew4af
viagra women use buy viagra europe buying viagra in tijuana
personal loan no credit check
calcium carbonate coupon calcium carbonate australia calcium carbonate cheap
where to purchace generic viagra buy viagra with paypal canada generic viagra purchase with mastercard
Generic erectile dysfunction with cialis buy cialis 40 mg cialis review levitra
ceclor 500 mg purchase ceclor without prescription ceclor 500 mg medication
Generic cialis right dose cialis without prescriptions cialis online malaysia
May I simply say what a relief to discover a person that
truly understands what they are talking about over the internet.
You definitely understand how to bring an issue to light
and make it important. More people ought to check this out and understand this side of the story.
I can’t believe you aren’t more popular given that you surely possess the gift.
catapres cheap catapres 100 mcg uk catapres coupon
Generic tadalafil mechanism of action cialis 20mg cialis price rite aid
cephalexin 500 mg usa cephalexin 500 mg australia cephalexin 500 mg coupon
Generic generic cialis from canada buy cialis online buy cialis ebay
Generic buying cialis europe buy cialis usa cialis withdrawal
Taxi moto line
128 Rue la Boétie
75008 Paris
+33 6 51 612 712
Taxi moto paris
First off I would like to say excellent blog!
I had a quick question which I’d like to ask if you don’t mind.
I was interested to know how you center yourself and clear
your thoughts prior to writing. I have had a tough time clearing my
mind in getting my thoughts out there. I truly do enjoy writing however it just seems like the first 10
to 15 minutes are wasted just trying to figure out how to begin. Any recommendations or hints?
Appreciate it!
M.E.C Mon Electricien Catalan
44 Rue Henry de Turenne
66100 Perpignan
0651212596
Electricien Perpignan
This is my first time visit at here and i am in fact impressed to
read all at alone place.
Independance Immobilière – Agence Dakar Sénégal
Av. Fadiga, Immeuble Lahad Mbacké
BP 2975 Dakar
+221 33 823 39 30
Agence Immobilière Dakar
Hi, I do think this is an excellent site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I am going to come back once again since i
have book-marked it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich
and continue to guide other people.
Generic cialis im internet bestellen cialis pills why cialis causes backache
I was able to find good advice from your blog posts.
Howdy! Would you mind if I share your blog with my myspace group?
There’s a lot of people that I think would really enjoy
your content. Please let me know. Many thanks
Generic cialis 5 mg bestellen buy cialis in australia buying cialis germany
comprar levitra generico online
buy viagra in dubai
vardenafil kaufen deutschland woomb Jet
colchicine 0,5 mg coupon colchicine over the counter colchicine 0,5mg australia
This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger.
I have joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of
your fantastic post. Also, I’ve shared your website in my social networks!
levitra zararlД± mД±dД±r levitra buy in uk online levitra and anxiety
symbicort inhaler 160/4,5mcg pharmacy symbicort inhaler over the counter symbicort inhaler pharmacy
que efectos tiene levitra prices for levitra es seguro comprar levitra por internet
cozaar 100 mg price cozaar nz cheapest cozaar
levitra 10 mg dosierung generic levitra buy online cheap levitra vs cialis vs viagra cost
levitra contra cialis generic levitra buy india levitra orodispersible preis
сайт гидра в торе список представляет собой ресурс, который разработан для дилеров серых покупок и сервисов. Такую же продукцию неприлично достать в обычном магазине, так как это нелегально.
dapsone caps medication buy dapsone caps dapsone 1000caps canada
levitra administracion cheap levitra for sale difference entre levitra et viagra
ddavp 10mcg over the counter ddavp 10 mcg usa ddavp 10mcg otc
come comprare levitra in farmacia levitra sales in usa cialis levitra generique
sildenafil 25 mg buy
viagra cialis og levitra levitra buy usa precio de levitra en honduras
levitra and hiv meds levitra buy cheap what is difference between cialis viagra and levitra
doxycycline 100mg online doxycycline 100 mg tablet how to purchase doxycycline
levitra tablets in south africa online levitra buy acquistare levitra con paypal
cost of elavil 25mg elavil otc how to buy elavil
flomax 0,4 mg tablets how to buy flomax 0,4mg flomax over the counter
Brand
bahan cialis buy cialis usa cialis vancouver
Generic
tadalafil natural best generic cialis best place cialis
USA
cialis pleasure cialis miami cialis post ejaculation
Brand
making most cialis buy cialis brand cialis rx
USA
cialis generic effectiveness cialis pills cialis once day generic
hyzaar 12,5 mg no prescription how to buy hyzaar buy hyzaar 12,5mg
nexium 40 price
Generic
cialis professional what is cialis 20mg pills cialis 30 mg dosing
USA
dose use cialis buy cialis brand do you like cialis
imuran without prescription imuran online pharmacy imuran 50mg tablets
viagra overnight delivery from the usa only
cialis pro review
cialis brand or generic woomb Jet
hello guos 9128738513
same day personal loans
doctor prescription for viagra
how many viagra can you take
cheap lexapro woomb Jet
where can i buy luvox luvox 50 mg price luvox 100 mg prices
viagra tablet price pakistan
bangkok viagra
uso de viagra 50 mg woomb Jet
micardis 20 mg uk micardis 40mg without a doctor prescription cheapest micardis
motrin usa motrin generic cheapest motrin
как зайти на сайт гидра через тор браузер представляет собой ресурс, что предназначен для поставщиков незаконных изделий и сервисов. Похожую продукцию трудно найти в обыкновенном магазине, так как это нелегально.
prevacid generic prevacid for sale prevacid uk
proair inhaler online pharmacy proair inhaler pills proair inhaler online pharmacy
viagra with next day shipping
viagra uk boots
nome viagra generico preco woomb Jet
pulmicort 200 mcg no prescription pulmicort canada pulmicort canada
canadian pharmacy cialis people’s pharmacy drugstore cowboy
my canadian pharmacy rx pharmacy online pharmacy online
canada online pharmacy online pharmacy drugstore pharma
revatio tablet revatio 20mg without a prescription revatio generic
generic viagra australia online
the people’s pharmacy discount pharmacy card 24 hr pharmacy
drug store online pharmacy reviews erectile
toprol 50mg otc toprol 50mg for sale toprol 25 mg pharmacy
verapamil 120mg nz verapamil 40 mg for sale verapamil 120mg without a prescription
pharmacy coupons 24 hour drug store ed drugs
canada online pharmacy drugstore beetle ed drugs
viagra over counter uk
vardenafil versus viagra
best site order generic viagra woomb Jet
clindamycin phosphate benzoyl peroxide gel buy
buy viagra india
buy viagra in puerto rico woomb Jet
zyprexa coupon zyprexa nz order zyprexa
instant personal loans
buy phenergan phenergan 25 mg price phenergan without a prescription
protonix 40 mg cheap protonix australia protonix 40 mg pharmacy
doxycycline 100mg price 1mg
can you get trouble buying viagra online
cheap india cialis
poland viagra without prescription woomb Jet
procardia 30mg pills procardia 30mg tablets procardia nz
proscar 5mg online how to purchase proscar 5mg order proscar
seroquel medication cheap seroquel seroquel 200 mg australia
risperdal 4mg usa cheapest risperdal risperdal pharmacy
robaxin 500 mg purchase robaxin 500 mg australia where can i buy robaxin
tinder online , tider https://tinderdatingsiteus.com/
how to purchase spiriva spiriva pills spiriva united kingdom
levitra singapore